abstract：UNLABELLED:Some subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS) present with low blood iron parameters. Anecdotal reports and a single patient study suggest that iron supplementation may be beneficial in these subjects. Myelin is regenerated continually, but prerequisites for this process are iron and a functional folate-vitamin...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： van Rensburg SJ,Kotze MJ,Hon D,Haug P,Kuyler J,Hendricks M,Botha J,Potocnik FC,Matsha T,Erasmus RT

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal separation in non-human primates has been proposed as a model of early adversity. The symptoms of separation anxiety were studied in vervet monkeys, during the weaning period, when psychotropic medications were administered. The control group received a normal diet and treatment groups received citalopram, re...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Marais L,Daniels W,Brand L,Viljoen F,Hugo C,Stein DJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe neurological symptoms, cerebral edema, and atrophy are common features of the inherited metabolic disorder propionic acidemia. However, the pathomechanisms involved in the neuropathology of this disease are not well established. In this study, we investigate the effects of propionic acid (PA), a metabolite accu...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： de Almeida LM,Funchal C,Gottfried C,Wajner M,Pessoa-Pureur R

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism, resulting in pathological accumulation of copper in many organs and tissues. The hallmarks of the disease are the presence of liver disease, neurologic symptoms, and Kayser-Fleischer corneal rings. The leading neurologic symptoms in...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Kitzberger R,Madl C,Ferenci P

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The availability of an animal model is crucial in studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of disease and to test possible therapies. Now, there are several models for the study of liver diseases, but there still remains a lack of a satisfactory animal model of chronic liver disease with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) ...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Jover R,Madaria E,Felipo V,Rodrigo R,Candela A,Compañ A

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro galactosaemia on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in different suckling rat brain regions. Various concentrations of galactose (Gal), galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and/or galactitol (Galtol) were preincubated for 1 h with homogenates from frontal cortex, hippocampus an...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Marinou K,Tsakiris S,Tsopanakis C,Schulpis KH,Behrakis P

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attention alterations are reported in cirrhotics. Aiming at clarifying attention functioning in cirrhotics, an inquiry on the functioning of the anterior (AAS) and the posterior (PAS) attention system was performed. Thirty-six cirrhotics without overt hepatic encephalopathy (24 with EEG or TMT-A alterations) and 16 ma...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Amodio P,Schiff S,Del Piccolo F,Mapelli D,Gatta A,Umiltà C

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of Parkinson syndrome (PS) and prolonged visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in a single patient with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has not been reported. A 52-year-old male with chronic HE developed PS in early 2001. Treatment with L-DOPA was only of minimal effect. In August 2001 he was admitted because ...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Finsterer J,Bernauer E

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that alterations of GABAergic neurotransmission are implicated in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Increased concentrations of endogenous benzodiazepines with positive allosteric modulatory properties at the GABA-A receptor complex were proposed as a pathophysiological mechanis...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Ahboucha S,Pomier-Layrargues G,Butterworth RF

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia--the macrophage equivalent of the CNS--safeguards and supports neuronal functions. Threats to the CNS homeostasis can trigger a rapid transformation of these cells from a normally "resting" into alerted and "activated" states. Microglia primarily serves the tissue defence and protection when participating in...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： van Rossum D,Hanisch UK

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cerebral inflammation plays a role in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression. Iron is involved in infection and inflammation through free radical production. Theoretically transferrin should prohibit iron from participating in oxidative reactions, but transferrin has also be...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： van Rensburg SJ,van Zyl J,Hon D,Daniels W,Hendricks J,Potocnik F,Erasmus R

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regional energy status and the availability of metabolic substrates during brain development are important, since a variety of fetal metabolic insults have been increasingly implicated in the evolution of neonatal brain disorders. The response of the brain to a metabolic insult is determined, in large part, by the...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Lust WD,Pundik S,Zechel J,Zhou Y,Buczek M,Selman WR

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe liver disease. Although the mechanisms responsible for HE remain elusive, ammonia is generally considered to be involved in its pathogenesis, and astrocytes are thought to be the principal target of ammonia neurotoxici...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Rama Rao KV,Jayakumar AR,Norenberg DM

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral glutamine challenge is a method to increase blood ammonia and may be used to study the ammonia lowering effect of drugs potentially useful in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). We tested its influence on the psychometric performance of 18 cirrhotic patients without HE. Twelve nonencephalopatic cirrhotic patients were s...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Masini A,Efrati C,Merli M,Nicolao F,Amodio P,Del Piccolo F,Riggio O

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the brain hyperammonemia interferes with ion homeostasis, membrane potentials, neurotransmission, and neurotransmitter recycling and reduces metabolic rates for oxygen and glucose. Because, cerebral blood flow (CBF) is closely coupled to metabolism, CBF is most often reduced in diseases associated with hyperammonem...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Larsen FS

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2), characterized by a liver-specific deficiency of urea cycle enzyme, argininosuccinate synthetase, is caused by mutations in SLC25A13 that encodes a calcium binding mitochondrial solute carrier protein, citrin. Citrin deficiency causes not only CTLN2 but also neonatal intrahepa...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Saheki T,Kobayashi K,Iijima M,Nishi I,Yasuda T,Yamaguchi N,Gao HZ,Jalil MA,Begum L,Li MX

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mild hypothermia (32 degrees C-35 degrees C) reduces intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure and may offer an effective adjunct therapy in the management of these patients. Studies in experimental animals suggest that this beneficial effect of hypothermia is the result of a decrease in blood-brain a...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Chatauret N,Rose C,Butterworth RF

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of cystathione beta-synthase activity leading to tissue accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy); affected patients present neurological dysfunction. Considering that Hcy induces free radical formation and that memory is impaired by oxidative stress, in the present...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Reis EA,Zugno AI,Franzon R,Tagliari B,Matté C,Lammers ML,Netto CA,Wyse AT

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homocystinuria is an inborn error of sulfur amino acid metabolism characterized predominantly by vascular and nervous system dysfunction. In this study we determined the in vitro effects of homocysteine and methionine, metabolites which accumulate in homocystinuria, on Na+, K+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase activities in syn...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Streck EL,Zugno AI,Tagliari B,Wannmacher C,Wajner M,Wyse AT

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway participates in a number of reactions of the cell when responding to various external stimuli. These stimuli include growth factor binding to its receptor as well as stressful situations such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. It has been postulated that one of t...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Daniels WM,Hendricks J,Salie R,Taljaard JJ

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe liver disease. Although the molecular basis for the neurological disorder in HE remains elusive, elevated ammonia and its chief metabolite glutamine are believed to be important factors responsible for altered cerebral...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Rao KV,Norenberg MD

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The free radical scavenging abilities of the structurally related steroids beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside (plant sterols and sterolins), cholesterol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were compared with melatonin (an efficient free radical scavenger) in an in vitro system which measures lipid per...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： van Rensburg SJ,Daniels WM,van Zyl JM,Taljaard JJ

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the normal adult brain, glucose provides 90% of the energy requirements as well as substrate for nucleic acid and lipid synthesis. In the present study, effects of ethanol on glucose transporters (GLUT) and glucose utilization were examined in rat brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 gms were given eith...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Handa RK,DeJoseph MR,Singh LD,Hawkins RA,Singh SP

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A structured analytic approach was developed to evaluate enzyme kinetic parameters using non-linear least-squares fitting. The approach was implemented in a software package called KinSim and designed to run on Windows 95, 98, and NT platforms. The software and the theoretical approach were tested using kinetic data o...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Mason GF,Lai JC

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis, storage and release of acetylcholine (ACh) requires the expression of several specialized proteins, including choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT). The VAChT gene is located within the first intron of the ChAT gene. This unique genomic organization permits coordinat...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Blusztajn JK,Berse B

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report reversible abnormalities in magnetic resonance spectra acquired from a patient with AIDS undergoing antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy for disseminated nocardiosis, a rare opportunistic infection of immunosuppressed patients which can cause cerebral abscess formation. There was no clinical, CT or MRI evid...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Marcus CD,Taylor-Robinson SD,Cox IJ,Sargentoni J,Shaunak S

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiments were conducted to investigate the direct effects of ethanol on the energy metabolism of astrocytes and C6-glioma cells. Primary astrocytes were prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats, and C6-glioma cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). These cells were exp...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Haghighat N,McCandless DW,Geraminejad P

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a toxin sometimes produced on moldy crops (sugarcane, peanuts, etc.) in amounts sufficient to cause severe neurological disorders when consumed by humans. In vitro, 3-NPA irreversibly inactivates SDH, a Complex II respiratory enzyme required for mitochondrial energy production. A singl...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Nony PA,Scallet AC,Rountree RL,Ye X,Binienda Z

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rat model of glucose-precipitated Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) has been developed in which glucose loading (10 g/kg, i.p.) of ataxic thiamin-deficient (TD) rats induced episodes of gross neurological dysfunction and sometimes death. The acute effects of a glucose load on the neurological state of thiamin-replete c...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Zimitat C,Nixon PF

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bilateral, symmetrical hyperintensity of the globus pallidus is observed in T1-weighted cerebral magnetic resonance images in from 52 to 100% of patients with chronic liver disease. No significant relationship exists between the presence of these cerebral changes in image signal intensity and the patients' neuropsychi...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Morgan MY

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:To analyze brain metabolite changes in HIV-1-seropositive subjects in order to define whether the neuronal impairment is a localized or more diffuse process. MATERIALS AND METHODS:15 patients and 18 volunteers underwent multivoxel proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at 1.5T. Nine patients were classifi...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Marcus CD,Taylor-Robinson SD,Sargentoni J,Ainsworth JG,Frize G,Easterbrook PJ,Shaunak S,Bryant DJ

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress-induced activation of the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperon and member of the protein disulfide isomerase family erp72 was studied after transient cerebral ischemia in vivo using the four-vessel occlusion method and experimental depletion of ER calcium stores in primary neuronal cel...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Paschen W,Gissel C,Linden T,Doutheil J

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In view of the protective effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) against metabolic/excitotoxic insults in vitro, we investigated whether BDNF could limit infarct size after permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rat (MCAO). BDNF was delivered into the territory of the middle cerebral artery v...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Yamashita K,Wiessner C,Lindholm D,Thoenen H,Hossmann KA

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to glutamate was measured by quantitative autoradiography in brains of 7-day-old rats (average plasma glutamate 114 microM) and rats injected subcutaneously with glutamate (average plasma glutamate 2,670 microM). Measurements of glutamate permeability were initiated by the i...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Viña JR,DeJoseph MR,Hawkins PA,Hawkins RA

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although gaseous ammonia (NH3) can freely enter cells through the plasma membrane where NH3 is cyto(neuro)toxic, NH3 and ionic ammonia (NH4+) contents have not been studied in biological materials. We developed a new method for measurement of expiratory NH3 concentration, which may reflect blood NH3 concentrations. Th...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Wakabayashi H,Kuwabara Y,Murata H,Kobashi K,Watanabe A

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of age and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on protein kinase C (PKC), adenylyl cyclase, calcium/calmodulin-independent cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase (cyclic-AMP PDE) and voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels in Fischer rat brain using autoradio...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Araki T,Kato H,Shuto K,Fujiwara T,Itoyama Y

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As studies of brain metabolism grow in complexity, investigators turn increasingly to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with 13C isotopic labeling. The unique ability to detect labeling non-destructively in specific carbon positions of individual compounds has opened the way to investigate brain metabol...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Mason GF,Behar KL,Lai JC

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important aspect of normal central nervous system (CNS) function. Recently, it was shown that the BBB breakdown is one of the predisposing factors in the pathogenesis of thiamine-deficiency encephalopathy. The result is discussed along with some reviews on previous ...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Harata N,Iwasaki Y

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with chronic liver disease manifest a high incidence (> 75%) of pallidal signal hyperintensity on T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the intensity of which correlates with blood manganese levels and the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms. A major cause of pallidal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Butterworth RF,Spahr L,Fontaine S,Layrargues GP

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic ethanol ingestion results in an "up-regulation" of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor in mouse brain. This increase in receptors is associated with ethanol withdrawal seizures, which can be attenuated by NMDA receptor antagonists. Chronic exposure to ethanol (3 days) of rat cerebella...

journal_title：Metabolic brain disease

authors： Hoffman PL

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00